Ukuvimbela igciwane le-covid-19 okwamanje, futhi kuyinkathi ephezulu yezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane.UZhong Nanshan, oyilungu leChinese Academy of Engineering, muva nje uthe imbangela yomkhuhlane wakamuva awukona nje ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-covid-19, kodwa nomkhuhlane, futhi abantu abambalwa bangase batheleleke ngokuphindwe kabili.
Phambilini, iSikhungo SaseShayina Sokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC)wayekhiphe isexwayiso kusenesikhathi: ekwindla nasebusika noma ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kungase kube khona ingozi yobhubhane olunamandla lomkhuhlane kanyeI-COVID-19izifo.
2022-2023 Isizini Yomkhuhlane
Kungase kudale ingozi yokuqubuka kwe-influenza pandemi
I-Influenza yisifo esithathelwanayo esinamandla sokuphefumula esibangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane futhi ingenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo zomphakathi abantu ababhekana nazo.
Ngenxa yokuthi amagciwane omkhuhlane ayashintshashintsha ngokwe-antigenically futhi asakazeka ngokushesha, angabangela izifo eziwubhadane zesizini unyaka ngamunye.Ngokwezilinganiso zeWorld Health Organization (WHO), ubhubhane lwaminyaka yonke lomkhuhlane lungabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-600,000 emhlabeni wonke, okulingana nokufa oyedwa ngenxa yomkhuhlane njalo ngemizuzwana engu-48.Futhi ubhadane lomhlaba wonke lungabulala ngisho nezigidi.Umkhuhlane ungahlasela u-5% -10% wabantu abadala kanye nezingane ezingaba ngu-20% emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenkathi yomkhuhlane ophezulu, umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabayi-10 ungenwa umkhuhlane;Ingane eyodwa kweziyi-5 itheleleke ngomkhuhlane.
I-COVID-19skungenzekaeukuhlanganisa anew ni-orm
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, i-coronavirus entsha yaqhubeka nokuguquka.Ngokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Omicron, isikhathi sokufukamela sokutheleleka okusha kwe-coronavirus safinyezwa kakhulu, ukudluliswa kwezizukulwane kwasheshiswa, ukudluliselwa kwemimoya nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisela kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuhlanganiswe nokuphinda kutheleleke okubangelwa ukuphunyuka kwamasosha omzimba, okwenza ukwahluka kwe-Omicron kube nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokudlulisela. uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.Kulo mongo, kuhambisana nezinga eliphezulu lomkhuhlane phakathi nobusika, futhi ngenkathi kufanele sibhekane nezingozi zesifo kanye nesimo esiwumqedazwe somkhuhlane kule sizini yamanje, kufanele sicabangele ukuthi ngabe njengamanje sibhekene nengozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane elisha. i-coronavirus kanye nomkhuhlane.
1.ububanzi bomhlaba wonke bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziphindwe kabili "Covid-19 +" busobala
Kusuka kudatha yokubhekwa kwe-WHO, kungabonakala ukuthi kusukela ngoNovemba 13, 2022, ubhubhane lwegciwane lomkhuhlane lwenyuke kakhulu kulobu busika, kanye nokuthambekela kobhubhane oluphezulu lwe-covid-19.umkhuhlane usobala kakhulu.
Kufanele sikubone ukuthi, okuhluke kakhulu ezicini zokuthi “kunzima ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukwanda kwamagciwane amabili e-covid-19 kanye nomkhuhlane esigabeni sokuqala se-covid-19, futhi akubandakanyi ukuthi i-covid-19iziguli ezine-influenza, okwamanje kunesimo "sobhubhane oluphindwe kabili" lweI-COVID-19kanye nomkhuhlane ngezinga elikhulu emhlabeni wonke.Ikakhulukazi kusukela ekungeneni kulobu busika, imitholampilo yomkhuhlane ezindaweni eziningi e-China ibigcwele, okubonisa ukuthi isimo samanje sokutheleleka ngegciwane sihluke ngokuphelele kuleso eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kuyilapho inani leziguli "ezinezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane" zisalokhu ziphezulu, okuyinto futhi ihlobene eduze ne-coefficient yokutheleleka kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Omicron.Imbangela yomkhuhlane kubantu abangenwe yilesi sifo ayisekho nje a I-COVID-19 ukutheleleka, iziguli eziningi zingenwa umkhuhlane, futhi ezimbalwa zingase zibe nokutheleleka okuphindwe kabili.
2. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lomkhuhlane kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuhlasela kwegciwane le-Covid-19 kanye nokuphindaphinda
Ngokocwaningo oluvela eState Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Covid-19 kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane lomkhuhlane A kuthuthukisa ukusuleleka kwegciwane le-Covid-19.Ucwaningo lwaphetha ngokuthi amagciwane omkhuhlane A anamandla ayingqayizivele okwandisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Covid-19;ukutheleleka kwangaphambi kokutheleleka ngamagciwane omkhuhlane kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuhlasela kwegciwane le-Covid-19 kanye nokuphindaphindeka, futhi kuphendule amangqamuzana abengeke atheleleke ngegciwane le-Covid-19 abe amaseli angenwa kalula kalula;ukutheleleka komkhuhlane kuphela kubangela ukwenyuka (ukuphindaphinda okungu-2-3) kwamazinga e-ACE2, kodwa ukutheleleka komkhuhlane kanye nokutheleleka koMfuluwenza kukodwa kubangele ukukhuphuka kwamazinga e-ACE2 (2-3-fold), kodwa ukutheleleka kanyekanye ne-Covid-19 kwenganyelwe kakhulu i-ACE2. amazinga enkulumo (cishe izikhathi ezingama-20), kuyilapho amanye amagciwane avamile okuphefumula afana negciwane le-parainfluenza, igciwane le-syncytial yokuphefumula, kanye no-rhinovirus ayengenalo ikhono lokukhuthaza ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Covid-19.Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luphethe ngokuthi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane omkhuhlane kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuhlasela nokuphindaphinda kwamagciwane e-Covid-19.
I-3. I-Covid-19 ukutheleleka kanye nomkhuhlane kubi kakhulu ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela kunokutheleleka okukodwa
Ocwaningweni lwe I-Clinical and Virological Impact of single and Double Infections with Influenza A (H1N1) kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2 ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela sabadala., Kufakwe iziguli ezingama-505 ezitholwe zinenoveli i-coronavirus noma umkhuhlane A esibhedlela i-Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital (eGuangzhou, eGuangdong).Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi: 1. ukusabalala komkhuhlane we-influenza A ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela ezine-covid-19kwaba ngu-12.6%;2. ukutheleleka okuhlangene ikakhulukazi kwathinta iqembu labadala futhi kwakuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi yomtholampilo;3. Ukutheleleka okuhlangene kube nethuba elikhulayo lokulimala kwezinso ezimbi kakhulu, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu, ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwesibili, ukungena kwe-multilobar, kanye nokwamukelwa e-ICU uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ezinomkhuhlane A wodwa kanye ne-coronavirus entsha.Kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi isifo esibangelwa ukuthelelana ngegciwane lenoveli i-coronavirus kanye negciwane lomkhuhlane A ezigulini zabantu abadala abalaliswe esibhedlela sasibi kakhulu kunaleso esibangelwa ukungenwa yinoma yiliphi igciwane kuphela (ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ubungozi bezehlakalo ezimbi ezigulini ezihaqwe umkhuhlane. I-H1N1, i-SARS-CoV-2, nawo womabili amagciwane).
▲ Ingozi yezehlakalo ezimbi zomtholampilo ezigulini ezinomkhuhlane A H1N1, SARS-CoV-2 kanye nokutheleleka okuhlangene nalawa magciwane amabili
Ukuguqulwa kwemibono yokwelapha:
Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-Covid-19 okukodwa kushintshela ekwelashweni okuphelele nokunezimpawu njengokhiye
Ngokudedelwa okwengeziwe kokulawula ubhubhane, ukutheleleka nge-Covid-19 kanye nomkhuhlane sekuyinkinga enzima kakhulu.
Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Liu Huiguo woMnyango Wezokwelapha Nokunakekelwa Okubalulekile, Isibhedlela i-Tongji, i-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, igciwane le-Covid-19 kanye negciwane lomkhuhlane kungenzeka ukuthi litheleleke ngokuhlanganyela, futhi kulesi sigaba samanje, ukuba khona kwabo ngokubambisana cishe 1-10%.Kodwa-ke, ngeke sikuphike ukuthi njengoba ziya ngokwanda iziguli ezingenwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-Covid-19 Omicron, izivimbelo zokuzivikela ezifweni zabantu zizoba phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke iphesenti lokutheleleka komkhuhlane lizokhuphuka kancane ngokuzayo, futhi inkambiso entsha izoba phezulu. bese kwakhiwa.Kodwa-ke, lezi akuzona izindaba okudingeka kugxilwe kuzo njengamanje, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-Covid-19 kuzowandisa yini amathuba okutheleleka komkhuhlane, ngakho-ke ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kudinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele esimweni sokwelashwa. .
Imaphi amaqembu abantu okudingeka aqaphele kakhulu izifo ezifakwe kakhulu ze-Covid-19 kanye nomkhuhlane?Isibonelo, abantu abanezifo ezikhona, asebekhulile kanye nabantu ababuthaka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangenwe yi-Covid-19 noma umkhuhlane wodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nala magciwane amabili, kungaba yingozi empilweni, futhi laba bantu basadinga ukunakwa kwethu.
Ngokwanda kwakamuva kweziguli ezine-Covid-19, singawenza kanjani umsebenzi omuhle “wokukhuthaza ukuvikela, ukuxilonga, ukulawula kanye nokwelashwa kwezempilo” kumongo we-Covid-19, okwamanje ephethwe yizinhlobo ze-Omicron?Okokuqala, ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kufanele kuguquke kancane kancane kusukela ekwelashweni kokutheleleka nge-Covid-19 okukodwa kuya ekwelashweni okuphelele kanye nokwelashwa okuyizimpawu.Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga, izinga eliphansi lokulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokugula kuyizihluthulelo zokuthuthukisa izinga lokwelapha emtholampilo nokunciphisa izinga lokufa.Lapho ukutheleleka komkhuhlane kwenza into entsha evamile, ukunaka izimo ezifana nomkhuhlane kuwukhiye wokuthola ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
Njengamanje, mayelana nokuvikela, kuyanconywa ukuthi sigcizelele ekugqokeni imaski ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane ngokushesha, okokuqala, ngoba iziguli ezitheleleke nge-Covid-19 zisencane futhi manje eseziphenduke zaba zingenayo angeke zibashiye ngaphandle amathuba okutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe;okwesibili, ngoba ngaphezu kokutheleleka nge-Covid-19, bangase futhi batheleleke ngamanye amagciwane (njengomkhuhlane) futhi bangase baphathe leli gciwane emizimbeni yabo ngisho nangemva kokuba sebephenduke abangenalo futhi sebeluleme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-16-2023